Systems and methods for determining meaning of cultural gestures based on voice detection

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, control circuitry may detect a voice communication from a human using voice detection circuitry during playback of a media asset being consumed by the user. Control circuitry may then identify an accent characteristic of the voice communication. Control circuitry may cross-reference the accent characteristic against listings of an accent database and then determine, based on the cross-referencing of the accent characteristic a country of origin of the human. Control circuitry may detect, using imaging circuitry, a gesture made by the human. Control circuitry may then cross-reference the gesture against listings of a gesture database associated with the country of origin and then determine based on the cross-referencing of the gesture, a meaning of the gesture in relation to the media asset.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Media assets are now globally distributed, and have become increasinglyinteractive. For example, users are able to interact with media assetsto make selections, play games, order products, and the like. Asinteractivity of media assets increases, the ways in which users areable to interact with media assets also increases. There is a problemwhere, from a cultural standpoint, a manner in which a user interactswith a media asset may have any of several intended meanings, dependingon what culture a person hails from.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, systems and methods are provided for determining whatculture a person hails from, and using that determination to determinethe meaning of a gesture made by that person. For example, it is knownthat in the Western culture, a “thumbs up” sign may indicate a positivefeeling about a media asset, whereas in Australia, a “thumbs up” signmay indicate a severely negative feeling about a media asset. In orderto determine whether a user is offering a “thumbs up” gesture, controlcircuitry may analyze voice characteristics and/or body characteristicsof a user to determine a user's culture.

To achieve these ends and others, in some aspects, systems and methodsfor determining meaning of cultural gestures based on voice detectionare provided. In some embodiments, control circuitry may detect a voicecommunication from a human using voice detection circuitry duringplayback of a media asset being consumed by the user. For example,control circuitry may receive voice data by way of a microphone duringplayback of a media asset to determine vocal characteristics of aparticular user viewing the media asset.

In some embodiments, control circuitry may identify an accentcharacteristic of the voice communication. For example, controlcircuitry may analyze a manner in which a particular word, syllable, orphrase is annunciated to determine an accent characteristic, such as aninflection in sound or tone, a nasal tone, a cadence, and the like.Control circuitry may then cross-reference the accent characteristicagainst listings of an accent database and then determine, based on thecross-referencing of the accent characteristic a country of origin ofthe human. As an example, if a person spoke with a distinctive accentthat relates to a country of origin, control circuitry would find amatch based on the cross-referencing.

In some embodiments, control circuitry may detect, using imagingcircuitry, a gesture made by the human. For example, control circuitrymay detect a “thumbs up” gesture using a camera. Control circuitry maythen cross-reference the gesture against listings of a gesture databaseassociated with the country of origin and then determine based on thecross-referencing of the gesture, a meaning of the gesture in relationto the media asset. For example, if the country of origin is Australia,control circuitry may determine that the “thumbs up” gesture showsnegative distaste based on the cross-referencing, whereas if the countryof origin is a Western country, control circuitry may determine that the“thumbs up” gesture shows positive feedback.

In some embodiments, control circuitry may provide a recommendation tothe human based on the meaning of the gesture. For example, followingfrom the “thumbs up” example above, if control circuitry determines thata user is from a country of origin where “thumbs up” shows positivefeedback, control circuitry may provide a recommendation of a mediaasset similar to the media asset for which the user gave a “thumbs up.”

In some embodiments, control circuitry may tailor the recommendation tothe country of origin. For example, control circuitry may, based on thedetermined country of origin, identify an additional media asset orproduct that is prevalent or unique to the country of origin andrecommend that additional media asset or product.

In some embodiments, the meaning may comprise at least one of: anindication of enjoyment of the media asset by the human; an indicationof distaste for the media asset by the human; an indication that thehuman wishes to suspend viewing the media asset; and an indication thatthe human wishes to alert information about the media asset to anotherhuman. Following the “thumbs up” example above, control circuitry maydetermine the meaning to be an indication of enjoyment (for a Westerner)or an indication of distaste (for an Australian). As other examples, insome cultures, a detection by control circuitry of a gesture of a handup with a palm facing toward a display device may indicate that thehuman wishes to suspend viewing a media asset. Other meanings arepossible, such as a human wishing to alert information about the mediaasset to another human (e.g., by a “typing gesture,” which, in somecultures, may mean the human wishes to post his viewing of the mediaasset to an on-line social media service).

In some embodiments, control circuitry may identify the accentcharacteristic by detecting, using voice processing circuitry, arespective manner of annunciating each syllable of a plurality ofsyllables of the voice communication. For example, as described above,control circuitry may monitor for distinctive tones or inflections in ahuman's annunciation. Control circuitry may then determine whether athreshold amount of syllables correspond to a single respective manner.For example, control circuitry may utilize a threshold for the purposeof ensuring that a human's accent is carried through a sufficient numberof syllables such that control circuitry has a high confidence that thesyllables represent the human's accent. Control circuitry may then, inresponse to determining that the threshold amount of syllablescorresponds to the single respective manner, identify the accentcharacteristics by determining that the single respective mannercorresponds to the accent characteristic.

In some embodiments, when control circuitry is detecting the respectivemanner of annunciating each syllable, control circuitry may compare therespective manner of annunciating each syllable to a known universe ofpotential manners of annunciating each syllable, and may identify amatch between the respective manner and a manner in the known universeof potential manners. For example, control circuitry may consult adatabase to determine a closest match of databased manners ofannunciating syllables to the manner in which the human annunciated eachsyllable.

In some embodiments, control circuitry may determine multiple countriesof origin based on the cross-referencing of the accent characteristic.For example, control circuitry may not be able to discern which of threedifferent countries the human hails from. Control circuitry may identifya single country of origin of the multiple countries that the humanhails from by determining, using imaging circuitry, body characteristicsof the human. For example, control circuitry may photograph or video thehuman. Control circuitry may then compare the body characteristics ofthe human to listings of a body characteristic database that correspondto each country of the multiple countries of origin, and determine,based on the comparing of the body characteristics of the human to thelistings of the body characteristic database, the country of origin. Forexample, of the three remaining countries, the human may have bodycharacteristics that most closely fit one of the three, and these bodycharacteristics may be used by control circuitry as a tie breaker.

In some embodiments, when control circuitry is detecting the voicecommunication, control circuitry may detect, using a microphone, audiocomprising communication from the human and ambient noise comprisingaudio of the media asset, and may isolate the audio comprisingcommunication from the human from the ambient noise to detect the voicecommunication. Control circuitry may eliminate the ambient noise byusing a directional microphone toward the human, or by any known noisefiltering technique.

In some embodiments, the gesture comprises at least one of a handmovement, a leg movement, a body movement, and a collision between abody part of the human and an inanimate object. For example, any of ahand movement (e.g., “thumbs up”), a leg movement, like a kick, a fullbody movement (e.g., running around), or a collision between a body partof the human and an inanimate object (e.g., hitting a table with one'shand) may be a gesture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects and advantages of the disclosure will beapparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencecharacters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative embodiment of a display screen that may beused to provide media guidance application listings and other mediaguidance information, in accordance with some embodiments of thedisclosure;

FIG. 2 shows another illustrative embodiment of a display screen thatmay be used to provide media guidance application listings, inaccordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an illustrative user equipment (UE) devicein accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative media system in accordancewith some embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 depicts a user equipment configured to detect and resolve ameaning of a gesture, in accordance with some embodiments of thisdisclosure; and

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of illustrative steps involved in determining auser's country of origin based on a voice command from the user, anddetermining a meaning of a user's gesture based on the country oforigin, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

In some aspects, systems and methods are provided for determining whatculture a person hails from, and using that determination to determinethe meaning of a gesture made by that person. For example, it is knownthat in the Western culture, a “thumbs up” sign may indicate a positivefeeling about a media asset, whereas in Australia, a “thumbs up” signmay indicate a severely negative feeling about a media asset. In orderto determine whether a user is offering a “thumbs up” gesture, controlcircuitry may analyze voice characteristics and/or body characteristicsof a user to determine a user's culture.

To achieve these ends and others, in some aspects, systems and methodsfor determining meaning of cultural gestures based on voice detectionare provided. In some embodiments, control circuitry may detect a voicecommunication from a human using voice detection circuitry duringplayback of a media asset being consumed by the user. For example,control circuitry may receive voice data by way of a microphone duringplayback of a media asset to determine vocal characteristics of aparticular user viewing the media asset.

In some embodiments, control circuitry may identify an accentcharacteristic of the voice communication. For example, controlcircuitry may analyze a manner in which a particular word, syllable, orphrase is annunciated to determine an accent characteristic, such as aninflection in sound or tone, a nasal tone, a cadence, and the like.Control circuitry may then cross-reference the accent characteristicagainst listings of an accent database and then determine, based on thecross-referencing of the accent characteristic a country of origin ofthe human. As an example, if a person spoke with a distinctive accentthat relates to a country of origin, control circuitry would find amatch based on the cross-referencing.

In some embodiments, control circuitry may detect, using imagingcircuitry, a gesture made by the human. For example, control circuitrymay detect a “thumbs up” gesture using a camera. Control circuitry maythen cross-reference the gesture against listings of a gesture databaseassociated with the country of origin and then determine based on thecross-referencing of the gesture, a meaning of the gesture in relationto the media asset. For example, if the country of origin is Australia,control circuitry may determine that the “thumbs up” gesture showsnegative distaste based on the cross-referencing, whereas if the countryof origin is a Western country, control circuitry may determine that the“thumbs up” gesture shows positive feedback.

The amount of content available to users in any given content deliverysystem can be substantial. Consequently, many users desire a form ofmedia guidance through an interface that allows users to efficientlynavigate content selections and easily identify content that they maydesire. An application that provides such guidance is referred to hereinas an interactive media guidance application or, sometimes, a mediaguidance application or a guidance application.

Interactive media guidance applications may take various forms dependingon the content for which they provide guidance. One typical type ofmedia guidance application is an interactive television program guide.Interactive television program guides (sometimes referred to aselectronic program guides) are well-known guidance applications that,among other things, allow users to navigate among and locate many typesof content or media assets. Interactive media guidance applications maygenerate graphical user interface screens that enable a user to navigateamong, locate and select content. As referred to herein, the terms“media asset” and “content” should be understood to mean anelectronically consumable user asset, such as television programming, aswell as pay-per-view programs, on-demand programs (as in video-on-demand(VOD) systems), Internet content (e.g., streaming content, downloadablecontent, Webcasts, etc.), video clips, audio, content information,pictures, rotating images, documents, playlists, websites, articles,books, electronic books, blogs, advertisements, chat sessions, socialmedia, applications, games, and/or any other media or multimedia and/orcombination of the same. Guidance applications also allow users tonavigate among and locate content. As referred to herein, the term“multimedia” should be understood to mean content that utilizes at leasttwo different content forms described above, for example, text, audio,images, video, or interactivity content forms. Content may be recorded,played, displayed or accessed by user equipment devices, but can also bepart of a live performance.

The media guidance application and/or any instructions for performingany of the embodiments discussed herein may be encoded on computerreadable media. Computer readable media includes any media capable ofstoring data. The computer readable media may be transitory, including,but not limited to, propagating electrical or electromagnetic signals,or may be non-transitory including, but not limited to, volatile andnon-volatile computer memory or storage devices such as a hard disk,floppy disk, USB drive, DVD, CD, media cards, register memory, processorcaches, Random Access Memory (“RAM”), etc.

With the advent of the Internet, mobile computing, and high-speedwireless networks, users are accessing media on user equipment deviceson which they traditionally did not. As referred to herein, the phrase“user equipment device,” “user equipment,” “user device,” “electronicdevice,” “electronic equipment,” “media equipment device,” or “mediadevice” should be understood to mean any device for accessing thecontent described above, such as a television, a Smart TV, a set-topbox, an integrated receiver decoder (IRD) for handling satellitetelevision, a digital storage device, a digital media receiver (DMR), adigital media adapter (DMA), a streaming media device, a DVD player, aDVD recorder, a connected DVD, a local media server, a BLU-RAY player, aBLU-RAY recorder, a personal computer (PC), a laptop computer, a tabletcomputer, a WebTV box, a personal computer television (PC/TV), a PCmedia server, a PC media center, a hand-held computer, a stationarytelephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, aportable video player, a portable music player, a portable gamingmachine, a smart phone, or any other television equipment, computingequipment, or wireless device, and/or combination of the same. In someembodiments, the user equipment device may have a front facing screenand a rear facing screen, multiple front screens, or multiple angledscreens. In some embodiments, the user equipment device may have a frontfacing camera and/or a rear facing camera. On these user equipmentdevices, users may be able to navigate among and locate the same contentavailable through a television. Consequently, media guidance may beavailable on these devices, as well. The guidance provided may be forcontent available only through a television, for content available onlythrough one or more of other types of user equipment devices, or forcontent available both through a television and one or more of the othertypes of user equipment devices. The media guidance applications may beprovided as on-line applications (i.e., provided on a web-site), or asstand-alone applications or clients on user equipment devices. Variousdevices and platforms that may implement media guidance applications aredescribed in more detail below.

One of the functions of the media guidance application is to providemedia guidance data to users. As referred to herein, the phrase “mediaguidance data” or “guidance data” should be understood to mean any datarelated to content or data used in operating the guidance application.For example, the guidance data may include program information, guidanceapplication settings, user preferences, user profile information, medialistings, media-related information (e.g., broadcast times, broadcastchannels, titles, descriptions, ratings information (e.g., parentalcontrol ratings, critic's ratings, etc.), genre or category information,actor information, logo data for broadcasters' or providers' logos,etc.), media format (e.g., standard definition, high definition, 3D,etc.), advertisement information (e.g., text, images, media clips,etc.), on-demand information, blogs, websites, and any other type ofguidance data that is helpful for a user to navigate among and locatedesired content selections.

FIGS. 1-2 show illustrative display screens that may be used to providemedia guidance data. The display screens shown in FIGS. 1-2 may beimplemented on any suitable user equipment device or platform. While thedisplays of FIGS. 1-2 are illustrated as full screen displays, they mayalso be fully or partially overlaid over content being displayed. A usermay indicate a desire to access content information by selecting aselectable option provided in a display screen (e.g., a menu option, alistings option, an icon, a hyperlink, etc.) or pressing a dedicatedbutton (e.g., a GUIDE button) on a remote control or other user inputinterface or device. In response to the user's indication, the mediaguidance application may provide a display screen with media guidancedata organized in one of several ways, such as by time and channel in agrid, by time, by channel, by source, by content type, by category(e.g., movies, sports, news, children, or other categories ofprogramming), or other predefined, user-defined, or other organizationcriteria.

FIG. 1 shows illustrative grid of a program listings display 100arranged by time and channel that also enables access to different typesof content in a single display. Display 100 may include grid 102 with:(1) a column of channel/content type identifiers 104, where eachchannel/content type identifier (which is a cell in the column)identifies a different channel or content type available; and (2) a rowof time identifiers 106, where each time identifier (which is a cell inthe row) identifies a time block of programming. Grid 102 also includescells of program listings, such as program listing 108, where eachlisting provides the title of the program provided on the listing'sassociated channel and time. With a user input device, a user can selectprogram listings by moving highlight region 110. Information relating tothe program listing selected by highlight region 110 may be provided inprogram information region 112. Region 112 may include, for example, theprogram title, the program description, the time the program is provided(if applicable), the channel the program is on (if applicable), theprogram's rating, and other desired information.

In addition to providing access to linear programming (e.g., contentthat is scheduled to be transmitted to a plurality of user equipmentdevices at a predetermined time and is provided according to aschedule), the media guidance application also provides access tonon-linear programming (e.g., content accessible to a user equipmentdevice at any time and is not provided according to a schedule).Non-linear programming may include content from different contentsources including on-demand content (e.g., VOD), Internet content (e.g.,streaming media, downloadable media, etc.), locally stored content(e.g., content stored on any user equipment device described above orother storage device), or other time-independent content. On-demandcontent may include movies or any other content provided by a particularcontent provider (e.g., HBO On Demand providing “The Sopranos” and “CurbYour Enthusiasm”). HBO ON DEMAND is a service mark owned by Time WarnerCompany L.P. et al. and THE SOPRANOS and CURB YOUR ENTHUSIASM aretrademarks owned by the Home Box Office, Inc. Internet content mayinclude web events, such as a chat session or Webcast, or contentavailable on-demand as streaming content or downloadable content throughan Internet web site or other Internet access (e.g. FTP).

Grid 102 may provide media guidance data for non-linear programmingincluding on-demand listing 114, recorded content listing 116, andInternet content listing 118. A display combining media guidance datafor content from different types of content sources is sometimesreferred to as a “mixed-media” display. Various permutations of thetypes of media guidance data that may be displayed that are differentthan display 100 may be based on user selection or guidance applicationdefinition (e.g., a display of only recorded and broadcast listings,only on-demand and broadcast listings, etc.). As illustrated, listings114, 116, and 118 are shown as spanning the entire time block displayedin grid 102 to indicate that selection of these listings may provideaccess to a display dedicated to on-demand listings, recorded listings,or Internet listings, respectively. In some embodiments, listings forthese content types may be included directly in grid 102. Additionalmedia guidance data may be displayed in response to the user selectingone of the navigational icons 120. (Pressing an arrow key on a userinput device may affect the display in a similar manner as selectingnavigational icons 120.)

Display 100 may also include video region 122, advertisement 124, andoptions region 126. Video region 122 may allow the user to view and/orpreview programs that are currently available, will be available, orwere available to the user. The content of video region 122 maycorrespond to, or be independent from, one of the listings displayed ingrid 102. Grid displays including a video region are sometimes referredto as picture-in-guide (PIG) displays. PIG displays and theirfunctionalities are described in greater detail in Satterfield et al.U.S. Pat. No. 6,564,378, issued May 13, 2003 and Yuen et al. U.S. Pat.No. 6,239,794, issued May 29, 2001, which are hereby incorporated byreference herein in their entireties. PIG displays may be included inother media guidance application display screens of the embodimentsdescribed herein.

Advertisement 124 may provide an advertisement for content that,depending on a viewer's access rights (e.g., for subscriptionprogramming), is currently available for viewing, will be available forviewing in the future, or may never become available for viewing, andmay correspond to or be unrelated to one or more of the content listingsin grid 102. Advertisement 124 may also be for products or servicesrelated or unrelated to the content displayed in grid 102. Advertisement124 may be selectable and provide further information about content,provide information about a product or a service, enable purchasing ofcontent, a product, or a service, provide content relating to theadvertisement, etc. Advertisement 124 may be targeted based on a user'sprofile/preferences, monitored user activity, the type of displayprovided, or on other suitable targeted advertisement bases.

While advertisement 124 is shown as rectangular or banner shaped,advertisements may be provided in any suitable size, shape, and locationin a guidance application display. For example, advertisement 124 may beprovided as a rectangular shape that is horizontally adjacent to grid102. This is sometimes referred to as a panel advertisement. Inaddition, advertisements may be overlaid over content or a guidanceapplication display or embedded within a display. Advertisements mayalso include text, images, rotating images, video clips, or other typesof content described above. Advertisements may be stored in a userequipment device having a guidance application, in a database connectedto the user equipment, in a remote location (including streaming mediaservers), or on other storage means, or a combination of theselocations. Providing advertisements in a media guidance application isdiscussed in greater detail in, for example, Knudson et al., U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2003/0110499, filed Jan. 17, 2003; Ward, IIIet al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,756,997, issued Jun. 29, 2004; and Schein et al.U.S. Pat. No. 6,388,714, issued May 14, 2002, which are herebyincorporated by reference herein in their entireties. It will beappreciated that advertisements may be included in other media guidanceapplication display screens of the embodiments described herein.

Options region 126 may allow the user to access different types ofcontent, media guidance application displays, and/or media guidanceapplication features. Options region 126 may be part of display 100 (andother display screens described herein), or may be invoked by a user byselecting an on-screen option or pressing a dedicated or assignablebutton on a user input device. The selectable options within optionsregion 126 may concern features related to program listings in grid 102or may include options available from a main menu display. Featuresrelated to program listings may include searching for other air times orways of receiving a program, recording a program, enabling seriesrecording of a program, setting program and/or channel as a favorite,purchasing a program, or other features. Options available from a mainmenu display may include search options, VOD options, parental controloptions,

Internet options, cloud-based options, device synchronization options,second screen device options, options to access various types of mediaguidance data displays, options to subscribe to a premium service,options to edit a user's profile, options to access a browse overlay, orother options.

The media guidance application may be personalized based on a user'spreferences. A personalized media guidance application allows a user tocustomize displays and features to create a personalized “experience”with the media guidance application. This personalized experience may becreated by allowing a user to input these customizations and/or by themedia guidance application monitoring user activity to determine varioususer preferences. Users may access their personalized guidanceapplication by logging in or otherwise identifying themselves to theguidance application. Customization of the media guidance applicationmay be made in accordance with a user profile. The customizations mayinclude varying presentation schemes (e.g., color scheme of displays,font size of text, etc.), aspects of content listings displayed (e.g.,only HDTV or only 3D programming, user-specified broadcast channelsbased on favorite channel selections, re-ordering the display ofchannels, recommended content, etc.), desired recording features (e.g.,recording or series recordings for particular users, recording quality,etc.), parental control settings, customized presentation of Internetcontent (e.g., presentation of social media content, e-mail,electronically delivered articles, etc.) and other desiredcustomizations.

The media guidance application may allow a user to provide user profileinformation or may automatically compile user profile information. Themedia guidance application may, for example, monitor the content theuser accesses and/or other interactions the user may have with theguidance application. Additionally, the media guidance application mayobtain all or part of other user profiles that are related to aparticular user (e.g., from other web sites on the Internet the useraccesses, such as www.allrovi.com, from other media guidanceapplications the user accesses, from other interactive applications theuser accesses, from another user equipment device of the user, etc.),and/or obtain information about the user from other sources that themedia guidance application may access. As a result, a user can beprovided with a unified guidance application experience across theuser's different user equipment devices. This type of user experience isdescribed in greater detail below in connection with FIG. 4. Additionalpersonalized media guidance application features are described ingreater detail in Ellis et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0251827, filed Jul. 11, 2005, Boyer et al., U.S. Pat. No.7,165,098, issued Jan. 16, 2007, and Ellis et al., U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2002/0174430, filed Feb. 21, 2002, which arehereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

Another display arrangement for providing media guidance is shown inFIG. 2. Video mosaic display 200 includes selectable options 202 forcontent information organized based on content type, genre, and/or otherorganization criteria. In display 200, television listings option 204 isselected, thus providing listings 206, 208, 210, and 212 as broadcastprogram listings. In display 200 the listings may provide graphicalimages including cover art, still images from the content, video clippreviews, live video from the content, or other types of content thatindicate to a user the content being described by the media guidancedata in the listing. Each of the graphical listings may also beaccompanied by text to provide further information about the contentassociated with the listing. For example, listing 208 may include morethan one portion, including media portion 214 and text portion 216.Media portion 214 and/or text portion 216 may be selectable to viewcontent in full-screen or to view information related to the contentdisplayed in media portion 214 (e.g., to view listings for the channelthat the video is displayed on).

The listings in display 200 are of different sizes (i.e., listing 206 islarger than listings 208, 210, and 212), but if desired, all thelistings may be the same size. Listings may be of different sizes orgraphically accentuated to indicate degrees of interest to the user orto emphasize certain content, as desired by the content provider orbased on user preferences. Various systems and methods for graphicallyaccentuating content listings are discussed in, for example, Yates, U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0153885, filed Nov. 12, 2009,which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Users may access content and the media guidance application (and itsdisplay screens described above and below) from one or more of theiruser equipment devices. FIG. 3 shows a generalized embodiment ofillustrative user equipment device 300. More specific implementations ofuser equipment devices are discussed below in connection with FIG. 4.User equipment device 300 may receive content and data via input/output(hereinafter “I/O”) path 302. I/O path 302 may provide content (e.g.,broadcast programming, on-demand programming, Internet content, contentavailable over a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN),and/or other content) and data to control circuitry 304, which includesprocessing circuitry 306 and storage 308. Control circuitry 304 may beused to send and receive commands, requests, and other suitable datausing I/O path 302. I/O path 302 may connect control circuitry 304 (andspecifically processing circuitry 306) to one or more communicationspaths (described below). I/O functions may be provided by one or more ofthese communications paths, but are shown as a single path in FIG. 3 toavoid overcomplicating the drawing.

Control circuitry 304 may be based on any suitable processing circuitrysuch as processing circuitry 306. As referred to herein, processingcircuitry should be understood to mean circuitry based on one or moremicroprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors,programmable logic devices, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc., and may includea multi-core processor (e.g., dual-core, quad-core, hexa-core, or anysuitable number of cores) or supercomputer. In some embodiments,processing circuitry may be distributed across multiple separateprocessors or processing units, for example, multiple of the same typeof processing units (e.g., two Intel Core i7 processors) or multipledifferent processors (e.g., an Intel Core i5 processor and an Intel Corei7 processor). In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 executesinstructions for a media guidance application stored in memory (i.e.,storage 308). Specifically, control circuitry 304 may be instructed bythe media guidance application to perform the functions discussed aboveand below. For example, the media guidance application may provideinstructions to control circuitry 304 to generate the media guidancedisplays. In some implementations, any action performed by controlcircuitry 304 may be based on instructions received from the mediaguidance application.

In client-server based embodiments, control circuitry 304 may includecommunications circuitry suitable for communicating with a guidanceapplication server or other networks or servers. The instructions forcarrying out the above mentioned functionality may be stored on theguidance application server. Communications circuitry may include acable modem, an integrated services digital network (ISDN) modem, adigital subscriber line (DSL) modem, a telephone modem, Ethernet card,or a wireless modem for communications with other equipment, or anyother suitable communications circuitry. Such communications may involvethe Internet or any other suitable communications networks or paths(which is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 4). Inaddition, communications circuitry may include circuitry that enablespeer-to-peer communication of user equipment devices, or communicationof user equipment devices in locations remote from each other (describedin more detail below).

Memory may be an electronic storage device provided as storage 308 thatis part of control circuitry 304. As referred to herein, the phrase“electronic storage device” or “storage device” should be understood tomean any device for storing electronic data, computer software, orfirmware, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, hard drives,optical drives, digital video disc (DVD) recorders, compact disc (CD)recorders, BLU-RAY disc (BD) recorders, BLU-RAY 3D disc recorders,digital video recorders (DVR, sometimes called a personal videorecorder, or PVR), solid state devices, quantum storage devices, gamingconsoles, gaming media, or any other suitable fixed or removable storagedevices, and/or any combination of the same. Storage 308 may be used tostore various types of content described herein as well as mediaguidance data described above. Nonvolatile memory may also be used(e.g., to launch a boot-up routine and other instructions). Cloud-basedstorage, described in relation to FIG. 4, may be used to supplementstorage 308 or instead of storage 308.

Control circuitry 304 may include video generating circuitry and tuningcircuitry, such as one or more analog tuners, one or more MPEG-2decoders or other digital decoding circuitry, high-definition tuners, orany other suitable tuning or video circuits or combinations of suchcircuits. Encoding circuitry (e.g., for converting over-the-air, analog,or digital signals to MPEG signals for storage) may also be provided.Control circuitry 304 may also include scaler circuitry for upconvertingand down converting content into the preferred output format of the userequipment 300. Circuitry 304 may also include digital-to-analogconverter circuitry and analog-to-digital converter circuitry forconverting between digital and analog signals. The tuning and encodingcircuitry may be used by the user equipment device to receive and todisplay, to play, or to record content. The tuning and encodingcircuitry may also be used to receive guidance data. The circuitrydescribed herein, including for example, the tuning, video generating,encoding, decoding, encrypting, decrypting, scaler, and analog/digitalcircuitry, may be implemented using software running on one or moregeneral purpose or specialized processors. Multiple tuners may beprovided to handle simultaneous tuning functions (e.g., watch and recordfunctions, picture-in-picture (PIP) functions, multiple-tuner recording,etc.). If storage 308 is provided as a separate device from userequipment 300, the tuning and encoding circuitry (including multipletuners) may be associated with storage 308.

A user may send instructions to control circuitry 304 using user inputinterface 310. User input interface 310 may be any suitable userinterface, such as a remote control, mouse, trackball, keypad, keyboard,touch screen, touchpad, stylus input, joystick, voice recognitioninterface, or other user input interfaces. Display 312 may be providedas a stand-alone device or integrated with other elements of userequipment device 300. For example, display 312 may be a touchscreen ortouch-sensitive display. In such circumstances, user input interface 310may be integrated with or combined with display 312. Display 312 may beone or more of a monitor, a television, a liquid crystal display (LCD)for a mobile device, amorphous silicon display, low temperature polysilicon display, electronic ink display, electrophoretic display, activematrix display, electro-wetting display, electrofluidic display, cathoderay tube display, light-emitting diode display, electroluminescentdisplay, plasma display panel, high-performance addressing display,thin-film transistor display, organic light-emitting diode display,surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED), laser television,carbon nanotubes, quantum dot display, interferometric modulatordisplay, or any other suitable equipment for displaying visual images.In some embodiments, display 312 may be HDTV-capable. In someembodiments, display 312 may be a 3D display, and the interactive mediaguidance application and any suitable content may be displayed in 3D. Avideo card or graphics card may generate the output to the display 312.The video card may offer various functions such as accelerated renderingof 3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or theability to connect multiple monitors. The video card may be anyprocessing circuitry described above in relation to control circuitry304. The video card may be integrated with the control circuitry 304.Speakers 314 may be provided as integrated with other elements of userequipment device 300 or may be stand-alone units. The audio component ofvideos and other content displayed on display 312 may be played throughspeakers 314. In some embodiments, the audio may be distributed to areceiver (not shown), which processes and outputs the audio via speakers314.

The guidance application may be implemented using any suitablearchitecture. For example, it may be a stand-alone applicationwholly-implemented on user equipment device 300. In such an approach,instructions of the application are stored locally (e.g., in storage308), and data for use by the application is downloaded on a periodicbasis (e.g., from an out-of-band feed, from an Internet resource, orusing another suitable approach). Control circuitry 304 may retrieveinstructions of the application from storage 308 and process theinstructions to generate any of the displays discussed herein. Based onthe processed instructions, control circuitry 304 may determine whataction to perform when input is received from input interface 310. Forexample, movement of a cursor on a display up/down may be indicated bythe processed instructions when input interface 310 indicates that anup/down button was selected.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application is a client-serverbased application. Data for use by a thick or thin client implemented onuser equipment device 300 is retrieved on-demand by issuing requests toa server remote to the user equipment device 300. In one example of aclient-server based guidance application, control circuitry 304 runs aweb browser that interprets web pages provided by a remote server. Forexample, the remote server may store the instructions for theapplication in a storage device. The remote server may process thestored instructions using circuitry (e.g., control circuitry 304) andgenerate the displays discussed above and below. The client device mayreceive the displays generated by the remote server and may display thecontent of the displays locally on equipment device 300. This way, theprocessing of the instructions is performed remotely by the server whilethe resulting displays are provided locally on equipment device 300.Equipment device 300 may receive inputs from the user via inputinterface 310 and transmit those inputs to the remote server forprocessing and generating the corresponding displays. For example,equipment device 300 may transmit a communication to the remote serverindicating that an up/down button was selected via input interface 310.The remote server may process instructions in accordance with that inputand generate a display of the application corresponding to the input(e.g., a display that moves a cursor up/down). The generated display isthen transmitted to equipment device 300 for presentation to the user.

In some embodiments, the media guidance application is downloaded andinterpreted or otherwise run by an interpreter or virtual machine (runby control circuitry 304). In some embodiments, the guidance applicationmay be encoded in the ETV Binary Interchange Format (EBIF), received bycontrol circuitry 304 as part of a suitable feed, and interpreted by auser agent running on control circuitry 304. For example, the guidanceapplication may be an EBIF application. In some embodiments, theguidance application may be defined by a series of JAVA-based files thatare received and run by a local virtual machine or other suitablemiddleware executed by control circuitry 304. In some of suchembodiments (e.g., those employing MPEG-2 or other digital mediaencoding schemes), the guidance application may be, for example, encodedand transmitted in an MPEG-2 object carousel with the MPEG audio andvideo packets of a program.

User equipment device 300 of FIG. 3 can be implemented in system 400 ofFIG. 4 as user television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404,wireless user communications device 406, or any other type of userequipment suitable for accessing content, such as a non-portable gamingmachine. For simplicity, these devices may be referred to hereincollectively as user equipment or user equipment devices, and may besubstantially similar to user equipment devices described above. Userequipment devices, on which a media guidance application may beimplemented, may function as a standalone device or may be part of anetwork of devices. Various network configurations of devices may beimplemented and are discussed in more detail below.

A user equipment device utilizing at least some of the system featuresdescribed above in connection with FIG. 3 may not be classified solelyas user television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404, or awireless user communications device 406. For example, user televisionequipment 402 may, like some user computer equipment 404, beInternet-enabled allowing for access to Internet content, while usercomputer equipment 404 may, like some television equipment 402, includea tuner allowing for access to television programming. The mediaguidance application may have the same layout on various different typesof user equipment or may be tailored to the display capabilities of theuser equipment. For example, on user computer equipment 404, theguidance application may be provided as a web site accessed by a webbrowser. In another example, the guidance application may be scaled downfor wireless user communications devices 406.

In system 400, there is typically more than one of each type of userequipment device but only one of each is shown in FIG. 4 to avoidovercomplicating the drawing. In addition, each user may utilize morethan one type of user equipment device and also more than one of eachtype of user equipment device.

In some embodiments, a user equipment device (e.g., user televisionequipment 402, user computer equipment 404, wireless user communicationsdevice 406) may be referred to as a “second screen device.” For example,a second screen device may supplement content presented on a first userequipment device. The content presented on the second screen device maybe any suitable content that supplements the content presented on thefirst device. In some embodiments, the second screen device provides aninterface for adjusting settings and display preferences of the firstdevice. In some embodiments, the second screen device is configured forinteracting with other second screen devices or for interacting with asocial network. The second screen device can be located in the same roomas the first device, a different room from the first device but in thesame house or building, or in a different building from the firstdevice.

The user may also set various settings to maintain consistent mediaguidance application settings across in-home devices and remote devices.Settings include those described herein, as well as channel and programfavorites, programming preferences that the guidance applicationutilizes to make programming recommendations, display preferences, andother desirable guidance settings. For example, if a user sets a channelas a favorite on, for example, the web site www.allrovi.com on theirpersonal computer at their office, the same channel would appear as afavorite on the user's in-home devices (e.g., user television equipmentand user computer equipment) as well as the user's mobile devices, ifdesired. Therefore, changes made on one user equipment device can changethe guidance experience on another user equipment device, regardless ofwhether they are the same or a different type of user equipment device.In addition, the changes made may be based on settings input by a user,as well as user activity monitored by the guidance application.

The user equipment devices may be coupled to communications network 414.Namely, user television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404, andwireless user communications device 406 are coupled to communicationsnetwork 414 via communications paths 408, 410, and 412, respectively.Communications network 414 may be one or more networks including theInternet, a mobile phone network, mobile voice or data network (e.g., a4G or LTE network), cable network, public switched telephone network, orother types of communications network or combinations of communicationsnetworks. Paths 408, 410, and 412 may separately or together include oneor more communications paths, such as, a satellite path, a fiber-opticpath, a cable path, a path that supports Internet communications (e.g.,IPTV), free-space connections (e.g., for broadcast or other wirelesssignals), or any other suitable wired or wireless communications path orcombination of such paths. Path 412 is drawn with dotted lines toindicate that in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 it is awireless path and paths 408 and 410 are drawn as solid lines to indicatethey are wired paths (although these paths may be wireless paths, ifdesired). Communications with the user equipment devices may be providedby one or more of these communications paths, but are shown as a singlepath in FIG. 4 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing.

Although communications paths are not drawn between user equipmentdevices, these devices may communicate directly with each other viacommunication paths, such as those described above in connection withpaths 408, 410, and 412, as well as other short-range point-to-pointcommunication paths, such as USB cables, IEEE 1394 cables, wirelesspaths (e.g., Bluetooth, infrared, IEEE 802-11x, etc.), or othershort-range communication via wired or wireless paths. BLUETOOTH is acertification mark owned by Bluetooth SIG, INC. The user equipmentdevices may also communicate with each other directly through anindirect path via communications network 414.

System 400 includes content source 416 and media guidance data source418 coupled to communications network 414 via communication paths 420and 422, respectively. Paths 420 and 422 may include any of thecommunication paths described above in connection with paths 408, 410,and 412. Communications with the content source 416 and media guidancedata source 418 may be exchanged over one or more communications paths,but are shown as a single path in FIG. 4 to avoid overcomplicating thedrawing. In addition, there may be more than one of each of contentsource 416 and media guidance data source 418, but only one of each isshown in FIG. 4 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing. (The differenttypes of each of these sources are discussed below.) If desired, contentsource 416 and media guidance data source 418 may be integrated as onesource device. Although communications between sources 416 and 418 withuser equipment devices 402, 404, and 406 are shown as throughcommunications network 414, in some embodiments, sources 416 and 418 maycommunicate directly with user equipment devices 402, 404, and 406 viacommunication paths (not shown) such as those described above inconnection with paths 408, 410, and 412.

Content source 416 may include one or more types of content distributionequipment including a television distribution facility, cable systemheadend, satellite distribution facility, programming sources (e.g.,television broadcasters, such as NBC, ABC, HBO, etc.), intermediatedistribution facilities and/or servers, Internet providers, on-demandmedia servers, and other content providers. NBC is a trademark owned bythe National Broadcasting Company, Inc., ABC is a trademark owned by theAmerican Broadcasting Company, Inc., and HBO is a trademark owned by theHome Box Office, Inc. Content source 416 may be the originator ofcontent (e.g., a television broadcaster, a Webcast provider, etc.) ormay not be the originator of content (e.g., an on-demand contentprovider, an Internet provider of content of broadcast programs fordownloading, etc.). Content source 416 may include cable sources,satellite providers, on-demand providers, Internet providers,over-the-top content providers, or other providers of content. Contentsource 416 may also include a remote media server used to storedifferent types of content (including video content selected by a user),in a location remote from any of the user equipment devices. Systems andmethods for remote storage of content, and providing remotely storedcontent to user equipment are discussed in greater detail in connectionwith Ellis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,892, issued Jul. 20, 2010, whichis hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Media guidance data source 418 may provide media guidance data, such asthe media guidance data described above. Media guidance data may beprovided to the user equipment devices using any suitable approach. Insome embodiments, the guidance application may be a stand-aloneinteractive television program guide that receives program guide datavia a data feed (e.g., a continuous feed or trickle feed). Programschedule data and other guidance data may be provided to the userequipment on a television channel sideband, using an in-band digitalsignal, using an out-of-band digital signal, or by any other suitabledata transmission technique. Program schedule data and other mediaguidance data may be provided to user equipment on multiple analog ordigital television channels.

In some embodiments, guidance data from media guidance data source 418may be provided to users' equipment using a client-server approach. Forexample, a user equipment device may pull media guidance data from aserver, or a server may push media guidance data to a user equipmentdevice. In some embodiments, a guidance application client residing onthe user's equipment may initiate sessions with source 418 to obtainguidance data when needed, e.g., when the guidance data is out of dateor when the user equipment device receives a request from the user toreceive data. Media guidance may be provided to the user equipment withany suitable frequency (e.g., continuously, daily, a user-specifiedperiod of time, a system-specified period of time, in response to arequest from user equipment, etc.). Media guidance data source 418 mayprovide user equipment devices 402, 404, and 406 the media guidanceapplication itself or software updates for the media guidanceapplication.

In some embodiments, the media guidance data may include viewer data.For example, the viewer data may include current and/or historical useractivity information (e.g., what content the user typically watches,what times of day the user watches content, whether the user interactswith a social network, at what times the user interacts with a socialnetwork to post information, what types of content the user typicallywatches (e.g., pay TV or free TV), mood, brain activity information,etc.). The media guidance data may also include subscription data. Forexample, the subscription data may identify to which sources or servicesa given user subscribes and/or to which sources or services the givenuser has previously subscribed but later terminated access (e.g.,whether the user subscribes to premium channels, whether the user hasadded a premium level of services, whether the user has increasedInternet speed). In some embodiments, the viewer data and/or thesubscription data may identify patterns of a given user for a period ofmore than one year. The media guidance data may include a model (e.g., asurvivor model) used for generating a score that indicates a likelihooda given user will terminate access to a service/source. For example, themedia guidance application may process the viewer data with thesubscription data using the model to generate a value or score thatindicates a likelihood of whether the given user will terminate accessto a particular service or source. In particular, a higher score mayindicate a higher level of confidence that the user will terminateaccess to a particular service or source. Based on the score, the mediaguidance application may generate promotions and advertisements thatentice the user to keep the particular service or source indicated bythe score as one to which the user will likely terminate access.

Media guidance applications may be, for example, stand-aloneapplications implemented on user equipment devices. For example, themedia guidance application may be implemented as software or a set ofexecutable instructions which may be stored in storage 308, and executedby control circuitry 304 of a user equipment device 300. In someembodiments, media guidance applications may be client-serverapplications where only a client application resides on the userequipment device, and server application resides on a remote server. Forexample, media guidance applications may be implemented partially as aclient application on control circuitry 304 of user equipment device 300and partially on a remote server as a server application (e.g., mediaguidance data source 418) running on control circuitry of the remoteserver. When executed by control circuitry of the remote server (such asmedia guidance data source 418), the media guidance application mayinstruct the control circuitry to generate the guidance applicationdisplays and transmit the generated displays to the user equipmentdevices. The server application may instruct the control circuitry ofthe media guidance data source 418 to transmit data for storage on theuser equipment. The client application may instruct control circuitry ofthe receiving user equipment to generate the guidance applicationdisplays.

Content and/or media guidance data delivered to user equipment devices402, 404, and 406 may be over-the-top (OTT) content. OTT contentdelivery allows Internet-enabled user devices, including any userequipment device described above, to receive content that is transferredover the Internet, including any content described above, in addition tocontent received over cable or satellite connections. OTT content isdelivered via an Internet connection provided by an Internet serviceprovider (ISP), but a third party distributes the content. The ISP maynot be responsible for the viewing abilities, copyrights, orredistribution of the content, and may only transfer IP packets providedby the OTT content provider. Examples of OTT content providers includeYOUTUBE, NETFLIX, and HULU, which provide audio and video via IPpackets. Youtube is a trademark owned by Google Inc., Netflix is atrademark owned by Netflix Inc., and Hulu is a trademark owned by Hulu,LLC. OTT content providers may additionally or alternatively providemedia guidance data described above. In addition to content and/or mediaguidance data, providers of OTT content can distribute media guidanceapplications (e.g., web-based applications or cloud-based applications),or the content can be displayed by media guidance applications stored onthe user equipment device.

Media guidance system 400 is intended to illustrate a number ofapproaches, or network configurations, by which user equipment devicesand sources of content and guidance data may communicate with each otherfor the purpose of accessing content and providing media guidance. Theembodiments described herein may be applied in any one or a subset ofthese approaches, or in a system employing other approaches fordelivering content and providing media guidance. The following fourapproaches provide specific illustrations of the generalized example ofFIG. 4.

In one approach, user equipment devices may communicate with each otherwithin a home network. User equipment devices can communicate with eachother directly via short-range point-to-point communication schemesdescribed above, via indirect paths through a hub or other similardevice provided on a home network, or via communications network 414.Each of the multiple individuals in a single home may operate differentuser equipment devices on the home network. As a result, it may bedesirable for various media guidance information or settings to becommunicated between the different user equipment devices. For example,it may be desirable for users to maintain consistent media guidanceapplication settings on different user equipment devices within a homenetwork, as described in greater detail in Ellis et al., U.S. PatentPublication No. 2005/0251827, filed Jul. 11, 2005. Different types ofuser equipment devices in a home network may also communicate with eachother to transmit content. For example, a user may transmit content fromuser computer equipment to a portable video player or portable musicplayer.

In a second approach, users may have multiple types of user equipment bywhich they access content and obtain media guidance. For example, someusers may have home networks that are accessed by in-home and mobiledevices. Users may control in-home devices via a media guidanceapplication implemented on a remote device. For example, users mayaccess an online media guidance application on a website via a personalcomputer at their office, or a mobile device such as a PDA orweb-enabled mobile telephone. The user may set various settings (e.g.,recordings, reminders, or other settings) on the online guidanceapplication to control the user's in-home equipment. The online guidemay control the user's equipment directly, or by communicating with amedia guidance application on the user's in-home equipment. Varioussystems and methods for user equipment devices communicating, where theuser equipment devices are in locations remote from each other, isdiscussed in, for example, Ellis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,046,801, issuedOct. 25, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

In a third approach, users of user equipment devices inside and outsidea home can use their media guidance application to communicate directlywith content source 416 to access content. Specifically, within a home,users of user television equipment 402 and user computer equipment 404may access the media guidance application to navigate among and locatedesirable content. Users may also access the media guidance applicationoutside of the home using wireless user communications devices 406 tonavigate among and locate desirable content.

In a fourth approach, user equipment devices may operate in a cloudcomputing environment to access cloud services. In a cloud computingenvironment, various types of computing services for content sharing,storage or distribution (e.g., video sharing sites or social networkingsites) are provided by a collection of network-accessible computing andstorage resources, referred to as “the cloud.” For example, the cloudcan include a collection of server computing devices, which may belocated centrally or at distributed locations, that provide cloud-basedservices to various types of users and devices connected via a networksuch as the Internet via communications network 414. These cloudresources may include one or more content sources 416 and one or moremedia guidance data sources 418. In addition or in the alternative, theremote computing sites may include other user equipment devices, such asuser television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404, and wirelessuser communications device 406. For example, the other user equipmentdevices may provide access to a stored copy of a video or a streamedvideo. In such embodiments, user equipment devices may operate in apeer-to-peer manner without communicating with a central server.

The cloud provides access to services, such as content storage, contentsharing, or social networking services, among other examples, as well asaccess to any content described above, for user equipment devices.Services can be provided in the cloud through cloud computing serviceproviders, or through other providers of online services. For example,the cloud-based services can include a content storage service, acontent sharing site, a social networking site, or other services viawhich user-sourced content is distributed for viewing by others onconnected devices. These cloud-based services may allow a user equipmentdevice to store content to the cloud and to receive content from thecloud rather than storing content locally and accessing locally-storedcontent.

A user may use various content capture devices, such as camcorders,digital cameras with video mode, audio recorders, mobile phones, andhandheld computing devices, to record content. The user can uploadcontent to a content storage service on the cloud either directly, forexample, from user computer equipment 404 or wireless usercommunications device 406 having content capture feature. Alternatively,the user can first transfer the content to a user equipment device, suchas user computer equipment 404. The user equipment device storing thecontent uploads the content to the cloud using a data transmissionservice on communications network 414. In some embodiments, the userequipment device itself is a cloud resource, and other user equipmentdevices can access the content directly from the user equipment deviceon which the user stored the content.

Cloud resources may be accessed by a user equipment device using, forexample, a web browser, a media guidance application, a desktopapplication, a mobile application, and/or any combination of accessapplications of the same. The user equipment device may be a cloudclient that relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or theuser equipment device may have some functionality without access tocloud resources. For example, some applications running on the userequipment device may be cloud applications, i.e., applications deliveredas a service over the Internet, while other applications may be storedand run on the user equipment device. In some embodiments, a user devicemay receive content from multiple cloud resources simultaneously. Forexample, a user device can stream audio from one cloud resource whiledownloading content from a second cloud resource. Or a user device candownload content from multiple cloud resources for more efficientdownloading. In some embodiments, user equipment devices can use cloudresources for processing operations such as the processing operationsperformed by processing circuitry described in relation to FIG. 3.

As referred herein, the term “in response to” refers to initiated as aresult of. For example, a first action being performed in response toanother action may include interstitial steps between the first actionand the second action. As referred herein, the term “directly inresponse to” refers to caused by. For example, a first action beingperformed directly in response to another action may not includeinterstitial steps between the first action and the second action.

FIG. 5 depicts a user equipment configured to detect and resolve ameaning of a gesture, in accordance with some embodiments of thisdisclosure. User equipment 502 may have the functionality of any or allof user television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404, and/orwireless user communications device 406. User equipment 502 comprisesmicrophone 504. Microphone 504 may be integrated with user equipment502, or may be a peripheral device coupled to user equipment 502 usingany known coupling mechanism, such as serial or wired connection, or aconnection by way of a wireless connection, such as communicationsnetwork 414. While microphone 504 is named microphone 504, microphone504 may be any user input interface 310 as described in this disclosure.

User equipment 502 may additional include camera 510. Camera 510 may beintegrated with user equipment 502, or may be a peripheral devicecoupled to user equipment 502 using any known coupling mechanism, suchas serial or wired connection, or a connection by way of a wirelessconnection, such as communications network 414. While camera 502 isnamed camera 502, camera 502 may be any user input interface 310 asdescribed in this disclosure for providing input by way of imaging, orany other imaging device, such as an imaging device like a heat ormotion sensor.

Also depicted in FIG. 5 is human 506, who may speak a voicecommunication 508, which may be detected by microphone 504. Human 506may additionally create a gesture 512 using a body part of human 506.The terms “human,” “user,” “viewer,” and “person” may be usedinterchangeably throughout this disclosure.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 (e.g., of user equipment 502)may determine meaning of cultural gestures based on voice detection. Toachieve this end, control circuitry 304 may detect voice communication508 from human 506 using microphone 504, during playback of a mediaasset displayed by user equipment 502. For example, control circuitry304 may use microphone 504 to listen to a voice communication from aviewer who is having a telephone conversation with a friend.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may identify an accentcharacteristic of voice communication 508. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may detect (e.g., with voice processing circuitry coupledwith microphone 504), a respective manner with which human 506 isannunciating each syllable of a plurality of syllables of voicecommunication 508, and may determine whether a threshold amount ofsyllables correspond to a single respective manner. As an example,control circuitry 304 may listen to several sentences of voicecommunication 508, and may determine that there is a distinctive mannerin which human 506 is saying several syllables of those severalsentences. Control circuitry 304 may use the threshold to establish alevel of confidence that enough syllables are spoken in a mannerdistinctive to a particular accent to establish that a person isspeaking with that particular accent.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may, in response todetermining that the threshold amount of syllables corresponds to thesingle respective manner, identify the accent characteristics bydetermining that the single respective manner corresponds to the accentcharacteristic. For example, when control circuitry 304 has establisheda sufficient level of confidence based on the threshold, as discussedabove, control circuitry may determine that an accent characteristic hasbeen identified.

In some embodiments, when control circuitry 304 detects the respectivemanner of annunciating each syllable, control circuitry 304 may comparethe respective manner of annunciating each syllable to a known universeof potential manners of annunciating each syllable, and may identify amatch between the respective manner and a manner in the known universeof potential manners. As an example, control circuitry 304 may determinea fingerprint or other identifier of a manner of annunciating any givensyllable, and may compare that fingerprint to a database of fingerprintsto determine which accent, of a plurality of potential accents, thegiven syllable corresponds to.

In some embodiments, as discussed above, control circuitry 304 mayidentify an accent characteristic of the voice communication. Controlcircuitry 304 may then cross-reference the accent characteristic againstlistings of an accent database, such as media guidance data source 418or media content source 416, accessible by way of communications network414. Control circuitry 304 may then determine, based on thecross-referencing of the accent characteristic, a country of origin ofthe human. For example, control circuitry 304 may, in thecross-referencing, find a match between the accent characteristic and acountry of origin.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may detect, using imagingcircuitry, such as camera 510, a gesture 512 made by human 506. Forexample, control circuitry 304 may utilize a motion sensor integratedwith camera 510 to determine a movement of a body part of human 506.Control circuitry 304 may, at the time of movement of the body part ofhuman 506, use camera 510 to capture an image or series of imagescorresponding to gesture 510.

In detecting the gesture, control circuitry 304 may be confronted withso-called noise—i.e., movements of human 506 that are captured by camera510, but are not intelligible gestures intended for control circuitry304 to understand. In order to filter the noise, control circuitry 304may use any known technique, such as only determining that a gesture hasoccurred if a movement of a body part of human 506 is held for athreshold amount of time. Other known methods may be, after determininga potential gesture of a body part of human 506, cross-referencing thepotential gesture against listings of a database of known gestures todetermine whether the potential gesture in fact maps to a known gesture.For example, while giving a “thumbs up” sign with one's hand may beattributed a known meaning, placing one's palm face-down on a table maynot be attributed with a known meaning, and may thus be filtered out asnoise by control circuitry 304.

In some embodiments, when control circuitry 304 has determined that amovement of a body part of human 506 is a gesture 512, control circuitry304 may cross-reference the gesture 512 against listings of a gesturedatabase associated with the country of origin (e.g., media contentsource 416 or media guidance data source 418, accessed by way ofcommunications network 414). For example, if control circuitry 304determines gesture 512 to be a “thumbs up” gesture, and controlcircuitry 304 has determined the country of origin as Australia, asdiscussed above and below, control circuitry 304 may determine, based onthe cross-referencing, the meaning to be something completely differentthan it would have been if control circuitry 304 had cross-referencedagainst listings associated with a Western country, like Germany.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may determine, based on thecross-referencing of the gesture, a meaning of the gesture in relationto the media asset. For example, as discussed above and below, a “thumbsup” may mean either distaste or enjoyment of the media asset displayedby user equipment 502. Control circuitry 304 may determine which ofthose potential meanings is accurate based on the cross-referencing, asdiscussed above and below.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may providing arecommendation to human 506 based on the meaning of gesture 512. Controlcircuitry 304 may provide the recommendation by way of display 312,speakers 314, or any other output device. Control circuitry 304 maydetermine, based on gesture 512, that the user likes or dislikes themedia asset (e.g., based on whether “thumbs up” means “like” or“dislike” as described above and below. If control circuitry 304determines that the user likes the media asset currently being displayedon user equipment 502, control circuitry 304 may recommend a mediaasset, product, or service related to the media asset currently beingdisplayed. On the contrary, if control circuitry 304 determines that theuser does not like the media asset currently being displayed on userequipment 502, control circuitry 304 may recommend a media asset,product, or service that is not related to the media asset currentlybeing displayed, or may update the user profile such that futurerecommendations do not incorporate subject matter related to that mediaasset.

In some embodiments, when providing a recommendation, control circuitry304 may tailor the recommendation to the country of origin of human 506.For example, if human 506 is from Australia, and human 506 gives a“thumbs up” gesture 512 when watching a cartoon, control circuitry 304may provide a recommendation of a media asset that Australians tend tolike that is not a cartoon.

In some embodiments, as described above and below control circuitry 304may determine the meaning of the gesture 512 to be any intelligible,known meaning. Several representative examples follow, the first ofwhich is an indication of enjoyment or distaste of the media asset byhuman 506. Another possible meaning of a gesture 512 is an indicationthat the human 506 wishes to suspend viewing the media asset. Forexample, control circuitry 304 may detect a gesture 512 of human 506extending his palm out, facing user equipment 502. Control circuitry 304may determine, based on human 506's voice communication 508, that human506 hails from a culture where that gesture 512 has a meaning ofsuspending playback of a media asset. One other possible meaning ofgesture 512 is an indication that the human wishes to alert informationabout the media asset to another human. For example, if controlcircuitry 304 detects a gesture 512 of a user mimicking typing on akeyboard, control circuitry 304 may determine in the manners describedabove and below that the user hails from a culture in which that meansto publish content to a social media platform. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may determine that human 506 has a social media account,such as a Facebook account, and may alert users of Facebook to the factthat human 506 is viewing the media asset displayed on user equipment502.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may, when cross-referencingthe accent characteristic as described above and below, determinemultiple countries of origin match the accent characteristic. Controlcircuitry 304 may then identify a single country of origin by first,determining, using imaging circuitry, body characteristics of human 506.For example, control circuitry 304 may receive an image of human 506 byway of camera 510. Control circuitry 304 may process the image todetermine body characteristics of human 506 (e.g., by resolving skincolor, body type, etc.).

Control circuitry 304 may then compare the body characteristics of human506 to listings of a body characteristic database (e.g., media contentsource 416) that correspond to each country of the multiple countries oforigin, and determine therefrom the country of origin. For example,control circuitry 304 may determine three potential countries of originof human 506 based on voice communication 508, as described above andbelow. Control circuitry 304 may identify body characteristics of human506, and may determine, based on the comparing operation, that only oneof those three potential countries of origin match both the accentcharacteristics and the body type. Accordingly, this single country maybe identified as human 506's country of origin.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may detect voicecommunication 508 by using a microphone. While doing so, controlcircuitry 304 may also detect other audio, such as ambient noisecomprising audio of the media asset played from user equipment 502.Control circuitry 304 may isolate the ambient noise, such as the noisefrom the playing of the media asset, from voice communication 508, inorder to detect the voice communication 508. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may use any of a noise filter, voice recognitiontechnology, directional microphones, or any other means of detecting thevoice communication 508 without voice communication 508 being distortedby other ambient noise.

In some embodiments, when control circuitry 304 detects a gesture 512,the gesture may comprise any known gesture. As a non-limiting set ofexamples, the gesture may be at least one of a hand movement, a legmovement, a body movement, and a collision between a body part of thehuman and an inanimate object. Each gesture 512 may have meaning, aswill be understood by control circuitry 304 based on a database (e.g.,media content source 416) that reflects what a given known gesture meansbased on a user's country of origin, as described above and below.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of illustrative steps involved in determining auser's country of origin based on a voice command from the user, anddetermining a meaning of a user's gesture based on the country oforigin, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. It shouldbe noted that process 600 or any step thereof could be performed on, orprovided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-5. For example, process600 may be executed by control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) as instructed bycontrol circuitry implemented on user equipment 402, 404, and/or 406(FIG. 4) in order to determine a country of origin of a user. Inaddition, one or more steps of process 600 may be incorporated into orcombined with one or more steps of any other process or embodiment.

Process 600 begins at 602, where control circuitry 304 (e.g., of userequipment 502) may detect a voice communication (e.g., voicecommunication 508) from a human (e.g., human 506). As an example,control circuitry 304 may detect the voice communication using amicrophone (e.g., microphone 504), during playback of a media assetdisplayed by user equipment 502. For example, control circuitry 304 mayuse microphone 504 to listen to a voice communication from a viewer whois having a telephone conversation with a friend.

Process 600 may continue to 604, where control circuitry 304 mayidentify an accent characteristic of voice communication 508. Forexample, control circuitry 304 may detect (e.g., with voice processingcircuitry coupled with microphone 504), a respective manner with whichhuman 506 is annunciating each syllable of a plurality of syllables ofvoice communication 508, and may determine whether a threshold amount ofsyllables correspond to a single respective manner. Control circuitry304 may identify the accent characteristic in any manner described aboveand below.

Process 600 may then continue to 606, where control circuitry 304 maycross-reference the accent characteristic against listings of an accentdatabase, such as media guidance data source 418 or media content source416, accessible by way of communications network 414. Process 600 maythen continue to 608, where control circuitry 304 may then determine,based on the cross-referencing of the accent characteristic, a countryof origin of the human. For example, control circuitry 304 may, in thecross-referencing, find a match between the accent characteristic and acountry of origin.

Process 600 may optionally proceed to 610, or may proceed to 618directly. At 610, control circuitry 304 may determine whether more thanone country of origin was determined at 608. If more than one country oforigin is not determined, process 600 may continue to 618. If more thanone country is determined, process 600 may continue to 612. At 612,control circuitry 304 may, when cross-referencing the accentcharacteristic as described above and below, determine multiplecountries of origin match the accent characteristic. Control circuitry304 may then identify a single country of origin. To achieve this end,process 600 may proceed to 612, where control circuitry 304 maydetermine, using imaging circuitry, body characteristics of human 506.For example, control circuitry 304 may receive an image of human 506 byway of camera 510. Control circuitry 304 may process the image todetermine body characteristics of human 506 (e.g., by resolving skincolor, body type, etc.).

Process 600 may then continue to 614, where control circuitry 304 maycompare the body characteristics of human 506 to listings of a bodycharacteristic database (e.g., media content source 416) that correspondto each country of the multiple countries of origin, and determinetherefrom the country of origin. For example, control circuitry 304 maydetermine three potential countries of origin of human 506 based onvoice communication 508, as described above and below. Control circuitry304 may identify body characteristics of human 506. Process 600 may thencontinue to 616, where control circuitry 304 may determine, based on thecomparing operation, that only one of those three potential countries oforigin match both the accent characteristics and the body type.Accordingly, this single country may be identified as human 506'scountry of origin.

At 618, control circuitry 304 may detect, using imaging circuitry, suchas camera 510, a gesture 512 made by human 506. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may utilize a motion sensor integrated with camera 510 todetermine a movement of a body part of human 506. Control circuitry 304may, at the time of movement of the body part of human 506, use camera510 to capture an image or series of images corresponding to gesture510.

Process 600 may then continue to 620, where, when control circuitry 304has determined that a movement of a body part of human 506 is a gesture512, control circuitry 304 may cross-reference the gesture 512 againstlistings of a gesture database associated with the country of origin(e.g., media content source 416 or media guidance data source 418,accessed by way of communications network 414). For example, if controlcircuitry 304 determines gesture 512 to be a “thumbs up” gesture, andcontrol circuitry 304 has determined the country of origin as Australia,as discussed above and below, control circuitry 304 may determine, basedon the cross-referencing, the meaning to be something completelydifferent than it would have been if control circuitry 304 hadcross-referenced against listings associated with a Western country,like Germany.

Process 600 may then continue to 622, where control circuitry 304 maydetermine, based on the cross-referencing of the gesture, a meaning ofthe gesture in relation to the media asset. For example, as discussedabove and below, a “thumbs up” may mean either distaste or enjoyment ofthe media asset displayed by user equipment 502. Control circuitry 304may determine which of those potential meanings is accurate based on thecross-referencing, as discussed above and below.

It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 6 may be usedwith any other embodiment of this disclosure. In addition, the steps anddescriptions described in relation to FIG. 6 may be done in alternativeorders or in parallel to further the purposes of this disclosure. Forexample, each of these steps may be performed in any order or inparallel or substantially simultaneously to reduce lag or increase thespeed of the system or method. Furthermore, it should be noted that anyof the devices or equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-5 could beused to perform one or more of the steps in FIG. 6.

It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that methodsinvolved in the present invention may be embodied in a computer programproduct that includes a computer-usable and/or readable medium. Forexample, such a computer-usable medium may consist of a read-only memorydevice, such as a CD-ROM disk or conventional ROM devices, or a randomaccess memory, such as a hard drive device or a computer diskette,having a computer-readable program code stored thereon. It should alsobe understood that methods, techniques, and processes involved in thepresent invention may be executed using processing circuitry. Forinstance, determination of a meaning of a gesture may be performed byprocessing circuitry, e.g., by processing circuitry 306 of FIG. 3. Theprocessing circuitry, for instance, may be a general purpose processor,a customized integrated circuit (e.g., an ASIC), or a field-programmablegate array (FPGA) within user equipment 300, media content source 416,or media guidance data source 418. For example, listing of a database asdescribed herein may be stored in, and retrieved from, storage 308 ofFIG. 3, or media guidance data source 418 of FIG. 4. Furthermore,processing circuitry, or a computer program, may update settingsassociated with a user, such as a country of origin, updating theinformation stored within storage 308 of FIG. 3 or media guidance datasource 418 of FIG. 4.

The processes discussed above are intended to be illustrative and notlimiting. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the steps of theprocesses discussed herein may be omitted, modified, combined, and/orrearranged, and any additional steps may be performed without departingfrom the scope of the invention. More generally, the above disclosure ismeant to be exemplary and not limiting. Only the claims that follow aremeant to set bounds as to what the present invention includes.Furthermore, it should be noted that the features and limitationsdescribed in any one embodiment may be applied to any other embodimentherein, and flowcharts or examples relating to one embodiment may becombined with any other embodiment in a suitable manner, done indifferent orders, or done in parallel. In addition, the systems andmethods described herein may be performed in real time. It should alsobe noted, the systems and/or methods described above may be applied to,or used in accordance with, other systems and/or methods.

1-50. (canceled)
 51. A method for providing media recommendations basedon a person's culture as determined by their accent and a gesture, themethod comprising: generating for display a media asset for playback;detecting, by voice detection circuitry, a voice communication from auser, during playback of the media asset; identifying an accentcharacteristic of the voice communication; determining, from entries ofan accent database, a culture corresponding to the accentcharacteristic; detecting, by imaging circuitry, a gesture made by theuser in relation to the media asset; determining, from entries of agesture database associated with the culture, a meaning of the gesture;and generating, for the user, a media recommendation based on themeaning of the gesture in relation to the media asset.
 52. The method ofclaim 51, wherein the identifying of the accent characteristiccomprises: detecting, by voice processing circuitry, a respective mannerof annunciating each syllable of a plurality of syllables of the voicecommunication; determining whether a threshold amount of syllablescorrespond to a single respective manner; and in response to determiningthat the threshold amount of syllables corresponds to the singlerespective manner, identifying the accent characteristics by determiningthat the single respective manner corresponds to the accentcharacteristic.
 53. The method of claim 52, wherein detecting therespective manner of annunciating each syllable comprises comparing therespective manner of annunciating each syllable to a known universe ofpotential manners of annunciating each syllable, and identifying a matchbetween the respective manner and a manner in the known universe ofpotential manners.
 54. The method of claim 51, wherein the meaningcomprises at least one of: an indication of enjoyment of the media assetby the user; an indication of distaste for the media asset by the user;an indication that the user wishes to suspend viewing the media asset;and an indication that the user wishes to alert information about themedia asset to another user.
 55. The method of claim 51, wherein themedia recommendation is tailored to a country associated with theculture.
 56. The method of claim 55, wherein multiple countriesassociated with the culture are determined based on the comparing of theaccent characteristic, and wherein a single country of the multiplecountries is identified by: determining, by imaging circuitry, bodycharacteristics of the user; comparing the body characteristics of theuser to listings of a body characteristic database that correspond toeach country of the multiple countries; and determining, based on thecomparing of the body characteristics of the user to the listings of thebody characteristic database, the country associated with the culture.57. The method of claim 51, wherein the meaning of the gesture variesbased on the culture.
 58. The method of claim 51, wherein detecting thevoice communication comprises: detecting, by a microphone, audiocomprising communication from the user and ambient noise comprisingaudio of the media asset; and isolating the audio comprisingcommunication from the user from the ambient noise to detect the voicecommunication.
 59. The method of claim 51, wherein the gesture comprisesat least one of a hand movement, a leg movement, a body movement, and acollision between a body part of the user and an inanimate object. 60.The method of claim 51, wherein the media recommendation is of anadditional media asset or a product.
 61. A system for providingrecommendations in relation to media assets in gesture recognitioncomputer systems by determining a meaning of cultural gestures based onvoice detection, the system comprising: voice detection circuitry;imaging circuitry configured to generate for display a media asset forplayback; and control circuitry configured to: detect, by voicedetection circuitry, a voice communication from a user, during playbackof the media asset; identify an accent characteristic of the voicecommunication; determine, from entries of an accent database, a culturecorresponding to the accent characteristic; detect, by imagingcircuitry, a gesture made by the user in relation to the media asset;determine, from entries of a gesture database associated with theculture, a meaning of the gesture; and generate, for the user, a mediarecommendation based on the meaning of the gesture in relation to themedia asset.
 62. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry,when identifying of the accent characteristic, is further configured to:detect, using voice processing circuitry, a respective manner ofannunciating each syllable of a plurality of syllables of the voicecommunication; determine whether a threshold amount of syllablescorrespond to a single respective manner; and in response to determiningthat the threshold amount of syllables corresponds to the singlerespective manner, identify the accent characteristics by determiningthat the single respective manner corresponds to the accentcharacteristic.
 63. The system of claim 62, wherein the controlcircuitry, when detecting the respective manner of annunciating eachsyllable, is further configured to: compare the respective manner ofannunciating each syllable to a known universe of potential manners ofannunciating each syllable; and identify a match between the respectivemanner and a manner in the known universe of potential manners.
 64. Thesystem of claim 61, wherein the meaning comprises at least one of: anindication of enjoyment of the media asset by the user; an indication ofdistaste for the media asset by the user; an indication that the userwishes to suspend viewing the media asset; and an indication that theuser wishes to alert information about the media asset to another user.65. The system of claim 61, wherein the recommendation is tailored to acountry associated with the culture.
 66. The system of claim 65, whereinmultiple countries associated with the culture are determined based onthe comparing of the accent characteristic, and wherein the controlcircuitry is further configured to identify a single country of themultiple countries by: determining, by imaging circuitry, bodycharacteristics of the user; comparing the body characteristics of theuser to listings of a body characteristic database that correspond toeach country of the multiple countries; and determining, based on thecomparing of the body characteristics of the user to the listings of thebody characteristic database, the country associated with the culture.67. The system of claim 61, wherein the meaning of the gesture variesbased on the culture.
 68. The system of claim 61, wherein the controlcircuitry, when detecting the voice communication, is further configuredto: detect, using a microphone, audio comprising communication from theuser and ambient noise comprising audio of the media asset; and isolatethe audio comprising communication from the user from the ambient noiseto detect the voice communication.
 69. The system of claim 61, whereinthe gesture comprises at least one of a hand movement, a leg movement, abody movement, and a collision between a body part of the user and aninanimate object.
 70. The system of claim 61, wherein the recommendationis of an additional media asset or a product.